Elon Musk’s xAI has enacted a major restructuring, laying off at least 500 data annotators—about a third of its largest team—to prioritize the hiring of specialist AI tutors. This move signals a significant strategic pivot as the company bets on domain expertise to advance its flagship AI, Grok.
Mass Layoffs Sweep Data Annotation Team
On September 12, 2025, xAI notified approximately 500 members of its data annotation division—known internally as generalist AI tutors—that their roles would be eliminated effective immediately. According to internal emails, affected employees will be paid through the end of their contracts or November 30, but their access to company systems was revoked the same day. This division was central to Grok’s development, responsible for labeling and categorizing data to train the chatbot’s understanding of the world.
Strategic Shift Towards Specialist AI Tutors
The layoffs are part of a broader transformation at xAI, which is moving rapidly away from generalists to “immediately surge” hiring of domain specialists by a factor of ten. The new areas of focus include STEM, finance, medicine, law, and even more unconventional categories such as Grok “personality and behavior” experts, and—surprisingly—“shitposters and doomscrollers.” The aim is to deepen Grok’s expertise and adaptability, with xAI asserting that this specialist-led approach will allow for more effective AI training and higher-quality results.
Chaos and Controversy in Implementation
The layoffs followed days of upheaval and management reshuffling. Several senior managers and technical leads on the annotation team had their accounts abruptly deactivated. Workers were reportedly told with minimal warning to “drop everything and take tests” across domains, including technical and less conventional subjects, to vie for open specialist roles. Complaints about the hurried process led to some Slack accounts being swiftly deactivated.
Ongoing Company Instability
This mass layoff is the latest in a string of internal challenges at xAI. The company has weathered high-profile executive departures—such as its CFO and co-founder—as well as public controversies, including incidents involving Grok producing offensive or problematic outputs. Unlike many AI companies that outsource this kind of work, xAI had hired most of its annotators directly—at hourly rates between $35 and $80—giving it greater operational control but also raising costs.
Looking Ahead
xAI reiterates that far from slowing down, it is accelerating its hiring for domain-specific AI trainers, with an eye on building a “smaller, highly skilled group” able to push the boundaries of AI capability. The move reflects a broader trend in the industry: as AI tools mature, companies are shifting from scalable labor to specialist talent to deliver higher-quality, safer, and more innovative results.

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